Radio-frequency techniques for muon charge state conversion measurements

Radio-frequency (RF) methods have proved to be an important tool for making final muon charge state determinations in μSR spectroscopy. To date, however, most experiments have been concerned with measuring the final-state fractions; charge state transition parameters being determined by modelling techniques. This paper, instead, considers a novel RF experiment where the excitation is delayed relative to muon implantation. Varying this time delay enables the formation of the final state to be displayed explicitly--this new scheme is clearly uniquely suited to implementation at a pulsed muon source. The technique has been demonstrated by following the ionisation of the bond-centred muonium state in silicon