Oil income and corruption: the Nigeria case

This study analyses the various mechanisms that explain the leakage of the main source of wealth in Nigeria at all levels of the production and commercialization of oil and gas, from the wellheads, with the bunkering of pipelines, up to the export of crude oil and the import of refined products, including through capital flight to tax havens. Several lessons can be learned. Indeed, the corruption of the industry involves a multitude of stakeholders, showing the limits of NGO's advocacy and financial audits that focus only on international oil companies. The diversion of the oil rent is first and foremost a governance issue. The Nigerian state is the main actor involved, both at the federal and local levels. (author)