Evolving trends in type 2 diabetes management: therapeutic approaches for the patients

Diabetes is increasing all around the world like an epidemic. It is creating an alarming situation and dragging countries into a threatening economic crisis in the world. The treatment and management of Diabetes Type 2 have remained challenging, even in this scientifically developed era, despite being known for a long period. At the current time, only half the patients can achieve recommended A1c hemoglobin target level. Variable therapeutic maneuvers have been discussed in this review paper that is under examination process in the management of diabetes. The production of new drugs like biguanides, thiazolidinediones, sulphonylureas, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors has shown significant positive results in the control of hyperglycemia. A new category of therapeutics has been found with the latest approaches in drug discovery like Amylin analogs, Incretin mimetics, activated receptors of Peroxisome proliferator, GIP analogs, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors are used as recent progressive drugs for the management and treatment of diabetes. Similarly, recent advancements in the investigation, identification, and extraction of substances from plant sources have positively revolutionized the trends in diabetes management. This review paper, emphasizes the statistical prevalence, positive and negative impacts of commercial drugs, and multiple prospects of stem cell technology, nanotechnology, and statins for diabetes therapeutic management. (author)