Modelling of wall and SOL processes and contamination of ITER plasma after impurity injection with the tokamak code TOKES

In the future tokamak ITER the damage to the wall after the disruptions can be mitigated using preventive massive gas injection (MGI) of noble gases into confined plasma during the thermal quench. The gas gets ionized in the plasma, and then the ions dump into the scrape-off layer (SOL) and impact on the target. The contamination of core plasma results in fast loss of plasma energy by radiation. The radiation distributes rather homogeneously over the wall. However, enhanced radiation load in e.g. vicinity of gas jet entry is an issue for ITER design that can be addressed numerically. For the modelling the tokamak code TOKES is applied, after upgrading it with toroidally symmetric 2D plasma model. This allowed detailed radiation fluxes and the expansion of noble ions both across and along the magnetic surfaces. In the work one- and two-dimensional (2D) MGI models are evaluated. 2D model is preliminary compared with the tokamak DIII-D. Substantial discrepancies were explained, and then predictive simulations for ITER performed, with the conclusion that after the radiation flush in front of jet entry the wall temperature can exceed the beryllium melting point.