Reaction theory for the synthesis of superheavy elements

The dynamical process of synthesizing superheavy elements is studied on the basis of the fluctuation-dissipative dynamics. The whole process is divided into three stages, i.e., the approaching stage, the formation stage, and the surviving stage. For the study of the formation stage, a three-dimensional Langevin equation is used from the contact of two nuclei to calculate the competition between the complete fusion and the quasi-fission. We estimate the effects of the nuclear deformation on the fusion probability. The results are consistent with the experimental results. For the description of the surviving stage, a statistical model is used to estimate the competition between the fission and the evaporation process. In this stage, it is very important to include the temperature-dependent shell correction to the fission barrier and the collective enhancement of the level density. From the study of the isotope dependence of the production cross section, the survival probability is found to be very sensitive to the separation energy of neutron. The results show the importance of the use of neutron-rich beams and targets