A semi-quantum authentication protocol for message and identity

A semi-quantum authentication protocol based on a GHZ-like state and W state is proposed to determine the identities of two participants and to ensure the credibility of the important information. The proposed semi-quantum authentication protocol does not require all communicators to own quantum capability, which not only improves the possibility of implementation but also greatly reduces the hardware requirements. In addition, analyses indicate that the proposed semi-quantum authentication protocol under limited resources is more secure and effective than some typical quantum authentication protocols. (letter)