Temperature strain and magnetic field measurements

This chapter describes the devices most widely used for measuring temperature, strain and magnetic field. The measurement of temperature is emphasized because it is the primary variable in nearly all low-temperature material properties. Topics considered include techniques for low temperatures, transducer-specimen contact, signals maintenance, temperature scales, resistance thermometers, measuring resistance, platinum resistance thermometers, carbon resistance thermometers, thermocouples, thermocouple calibration, filled systems, vapor-pressure thermometers, gas thermometers, the properties of fluids, diode thermometers, temperature measurement in magnetic fields, thermocouples in magnetic fields, apparent strain, the gauge factor, strain measurements in magnetic fields, types of strain gauges, nuclear magnetic resonance, Faraday coil gaussmeters, and Hall effect gaussmeters