High intensity polarized ion sources and polarized targets

The basic principles, status, and new methods for the production of positive and negative polarized hydrogen ions and polarized gaseous hydrogen targets are reviewed. The new developments are described and the performance of different types of sources is discussed. In particular, the improvement of the polarized atomic hydrogen density by cooling the atoms to low velocity, and their use for polarized targets and ion sources are discussed. The different ionization processes are presented, and the problems which occur discussed and further improvements suggested. The presently known techniques suggest H vector+ and D vector+ beam intensities in the mA range where as H vector- and D vector-, currents of a few 100 μA seem attainable. (author)