Development, performance, and application of an advanced isokinetic stack sampling system

Substantial improvements in particulate isokinetic sample collection have been achieved. The paper has four major sections. First, unique thermal mass flow sensor technology indispensable to a high performance, continuous and automatic isokinetic sampling is introduced. Secondly, new sample nozzle design practices are discussed. Thirdly, empirical particle loss test results of ANSI-13.1 sample nozzles versus Kurz sample nozzles are published, and discussed. Finally, new particle loss calculation software useful in the design of sample withdrawal nozzles and manifolds is discussed. The authors conclude that existing DOE, NRC, EPA, ANSI, ASME, specifications for sampling nozzles are deficient, and suggest that new specifications be based on particle loss performance, i.e. nozzle shall successfully collect 30% of 15 micron particles, etc