A review on new aspects of lipopeptide biosurfactant: Types, production, properties and its application in the bioremediation process

Highlights: • The different types of lipopeptides were described based on their structure and isoforms containing amino acids. • The substrates and microbes explained in this study exhibited a better yield of lipopeptide biosurfactants. • The lipopeptide would overcome the downsides of chemical surfactants in environmental applications. • Lipopeptide surfactant is one of the best eco-friendly techniques to remediate industrial pollutants. Nowadays, the worldwide search regarding renewable products from natural resources is increasing due to the toxicity of chemical counterparts. Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds that contain several physiological functions that are used in industries like food, pharmaceutical, petroleum and agriculture. Microbial lipopeptides have gained more attention among the researchers for their low toxicity, efficient action and good biodegradability when compared with other surfactants. Because of their versatile properties, lipopeptide compounds are utilized in the remediation of organic and inorganic pollutants. This review presented a depth evaluation of lipopeptide surfactants in the bioremediation process and their properties to maintain a sustainable environment. Lipopeptide can acts as a replacement to chemical surfactants only if they meet industrial-scale production and low-cost substrates. This review also demonstrated the production of a lipopeptide biosurfactant from a low-cost substrate and depicted plausible techniques to manage the substrate residues to determine its ability in the different applications particularly in the bioremediation process.