Application of diffraction corrections to the absolute measurement of scattering amplitudes

This chapter describes a set of correction factors which account for the measurement geometry effects and allow the scattering properties of the flaw to be directly related to the measured data. Ultrasonic scattering measurements are influenced both by the measurement geometry and the properties of the flaw. Topics considered include a model for the flaw signal, the axial diffraction correction, the reference diffraction corrections, and the determination of the absolute value of the scattering amplitude from measurements. The presented model is found to allow absolute values of scattering amplitudes to be deduced from experimental measurements in common immersion configurations. Applications include modeling the probability of flaw detection and correcting systematic measurement errors in inverse scattering experiments