Safeguards effectiveness evaluations in safeguards planning

Safeguards effectiveness evaluation techniques play an important role in safeguards planning. Several systematic and quantitative methods have been developed for evaluating the effectiveness of existing safeguards and proposed modifications. At this time, the most widely used tool for insider threats is the safeguards evaluation tool (ET). A similar tool was developed by Sandia National Laboratories for identifying vulnerabilities against terrorist attack. This tool is known as SAVI (systematic analysis of vulnerability to intrusion). Also developed was MI ampersand ER, a method to integrate the results of an insider and outsider threat evaluation, to allow comparison of benefits of various upgrades, and to identify those upgrade packages that achieve the greatest improvements in protection for a given cost. The MI ampersand ER also provides a priority ranking among the cost-effective packages, thus allowing a decision-maker to decide which upgrades to implement and the amount of residual risk