Multi-functionalized ionic liquid with in situ-generated palladium nanoparticles for Suzuki, Heck coupling reaction: a comparison with deep eutectic solvents

A new catalytic system for Suzuki and Heck coupling has been developed from multi-functionalized task specific ionic liquid (TSIL) and in situ formed palladium nanoparticles (PdNps). The generated PdNPs were characterized by UV–Visible spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. These PdNPs have found size below 10 nm and exhibited a excellent catalytic activity in the cross-coupling of aryl halide without using external phosphine ligand. Along with electron deficient olefins, electron rich olefins were also undergo smooth reaction giving excellent yield. The results obtained in ionic liquid are compared with results obtained in deep eutectic solvents. Progress of reaction was found very smooth in ionic liquid rather than in deep eutectic solvents. The aqueous system containing ionic liquid along with PdNPs was recycled for seven times, without any significant loss. Graphical abstract:

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