The Yield Of Toxic Gases In The Course Of Irradiation Vulcanization

Full text: Elastomers represents specific group of polymers including the materials working at temperatures above the interval of glass transition and possessing ability to highly elastic strain to deformations. Rubbers and resins belong to such a type of materials. Chemical constitution of elastomers is very various and can be roughly divided into two categories: carbon-chain rubbers and those containing any heteroatoms in the main and lateral chains. The representatives of the first group of rubbers in turn are divided into saturated ethylene-propylene and nonsaturated polydivinyl. It is possible to ascertain to the second group of rubbers fluorinated polymers, butadien-nitrile chlorine and sulphur-containing polymers, and others. However, despite such variety of the chemical structure, all elastomers are characterized with specific properties inherent only to this group of polymers: small values of intermolecular interaction and high flexibility of polymeric chain. Elastomers represent multicomponent systems, for example, as accelerators of sulphur vulcanization process, such compounds as tetramethylthiuramdisulphide, hexamethylene diamine nitrozodimethylanylin, phenylene diamine, dithiocarbamate, mercaptobenzothiazole, diphenilguanidine are widely used. They are toxic and can appeal heavy dystrophic changes in human body organs, involve (damage) vessels, violate the metabolism process in an organism, negatively attack nervous system and blood circulation function. And the polymeric part is connected by strong chemical bonds (C - Sx C) forming a dimensional grid. Dust air mixes of sulphur and amino compounds are explosive, their vapors appeal irritation of a mucous membrane of the top respiratory paths and eyes. Sulphur is dangerous agent in production of rubber items. With the assistance of sulphur, thiophyde of thiuram, metathiazole, nitrozodiphenylanlin and other ingredients the harmful sulphur dioxide emission rate increases. Institute of Radiation Problems of ANAS of Azerbaijan have been working for several years on creation of pollution-free (ecological friendly) production of elastic polymeric materials, in particular from such perspective rubbers as butadien-nitrile. The developed compositions are vulcanized without using sulphur and other toxic materials by the thermal radiation cross-linking method. The products are formed in the hydraulic press, and then are exposed to irradiation in the Co 60 gamma-installation. Besides smaller environmental the manufacturing techniques of elastic materials with use of electronic accelerators allow to receive materials with higher firmness to mechanical loadings and formation to deterioration. They have found wide application as sealants of mobile and motionless designs of machine-building aggregates. (authors)