Differences in Periodic Magnetic Helicity Injection Behavior between Flaring and Non-flaring Active Regions: Case Study

The evolution of magnetic helicity has a close relationship with solar eruptions and is of interest as a predictive diagnostic. In this case study, we analyze the evolution of the normalized emergence, shearing, and total magnetic helicity components in the case of three flaring and three non-flaring active regions (ARs) using Spaceweather Helioseismic Magnetic Imager Active Region Patches vector magnetic field data. The evolution of the three magnetic helicity components is analyzed with wavelet transforms, revealing significant common periodicities of the normalized emergence, shearing, and total helicity fluxes before flares in the flaring ARs. The three non-flaring ARs do not show such common periodic behavior. This case study suggests that the presence of significant periodicities in the power spectrum of magnetic helicity components could serve as a valuable precursor for flares.