Optimal solutions for protection, control and automation in hydroelectric power systems

Fault statistics and a poll at the electricity network companies show that incorrect functions from protection, control- and automation equipment contribute relatively much to undelivered energy. Yet there is little focus on doing fault analyses and register such faults in FASIT (a Norwegian system for registration of faults and interruption). This is especially true of the distribution network 1 - 22 kV. This is where the potential of reducing the amount of undelivered energy by introducing various automatic means is greatest