Electron cloud and space charge effects in the Fermilab Booster

The stable region of the Fermilab Booster beam in the complex coherent-tune-shift plane appears to have been shifted far away from the origin by its intense space charge making Landau damping appear impossible. Simulations reveal a substantial buildup of electron cloud in the whole Booster ramping cycle, both inside the unshielded combined-function magnets and the beam pipes joining the magnets, whenever the secondary-emission yield (SEY) is larger than ∼1.6. The implication of the electron-cloud effects on the space charge and collective instabilities of the beam is investigated