Third-order nonlinear optical properties of graphene composites: A review

Graphene has excellent thirdorder nonlinear optical (NLO) properties due to its unique electronic band structure and wideband gap tunability. This paper focuses on the research progress of graphene and its composite materials in nonlinear optics in recent years. In this review, recent results on graphene (or graphene oxide)–metal nanoparticles (G-MNPs), graphene–metal–oxide nanoparticles (G-MONPs), graphene–metal sulfide nanoparticles (G-MSNPs), and graphene–organic molecular composites (G-OM) have been discussed. In addition, the enhancement mechanism of nonlinear absorption (NLA) and optical limiting (OL) have also been covered. (review)