Multi-source thermal model describing multi-region structure of transverse momentum spectra of identified particles and parameter dynamics of system evolution in relativistic collisions

In this article, the multi-region structure of transverse momentum (ρ_T) spectra of identified particles produced in relativistic collisions is studied by the multi-component standard distribution (the Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac, or Bose- Einstein distribution) in the framework of a multi-source thermal model. Results are interpreted in the framework of string model phenomenology in which the multi-region of ρ_T spectra corresponds to the string hadronization in the cascade process of string breaking. The contributions of the string hadronizations from the first-, second-, and third-, i.e., last- generations of string breakings mainly form high-, intermediate-, and low-ρ_T regions, respectively. From the high- to low- ρ_T regions, the extracted volume parameter increases rapidly, and temperature and flow velocity parameters decrease gradually. The multi-region of ρ_T spectra reflects the volume, temperature, and flow velocity dynamics of the system evolution. Due to the successful application of the multi-component standard distribution, this work reflects that the simple classical theory can still play a great role in the field of complex relativistic collisions. (author)