Analysis of various ETL materials for an efficient perovskite solar cell by numerical simulation

Perovskite solar cells appear to be the most promising candidate for thin-film solar cells. ETL layer which can be processed at lower temperature is highly desired. In this work, an n-i-p PSC was simulated using SCAPS 1-D simulator in which different ETL layers were used keeping other layers fixed. Among all the ETL layers used, we found a new ETL material WO₃ which showed better power conversion efficiency and other PV parameters as compared to other ETL's. The proposed ETL gave an efficiency of 15.54% under optimal conditions. This paper addresses the properties of WO₃ thin films to be used as ETL layer in PSC and a comparative study has been done with other suitable ETL layers reported till date with the optimization of the absorber layer as well as HTL layer thickness.