Interactive CT triplanar surgical localizer for endoscopic sinus surgery

Purpose: The use of 2.7- and/or 4.0-mm telescopes during endoscopic sinus surgery provides a limited field of view of the regional anatomy. This restriction, considered along with the complexity of the regional morphology, explains the incidence of orbital and intracranial complications resulting from this procedure. The surgeon's anatomic orientation during surgery may be guided by the CT sections on film; however, this correlation is subjective and therefore susceptible to error. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate newly available hardware and software for the ISG-Camra S-200 multidimensional imager, which affords a real-time interactive cross-reference between a surgical probe and the surgical field via a constantly updatable CT triplanar display on a cathode-ray tube of the region of interest