Construction and operating mechanism of high-rate Mo-doped Na${}_3$V${}_2$(PO${}_4$)${}_3$@C nanowires toward practicable wide-temperature-tolerance Na-ion and hybrid Li/Na-ion batteries

The growing demand for cost-efficiency and safe energy storage systems has stimulated enormous interest worldwide in advanced cathodes for practicle "beyond-Li-ion" batteries. Herein, a feasible electrospinning/annealing avenue for the construction of 1D Mo-doped Na${}_3$V${}_2$(PO${}_4$)${}_3$ nanowires in situ coated with carbon nanoshell (MNVP@C NWs) toward next-generation Na-ion batteries (NIBs) and hybrid Li/Na-ion batteries (HLNIBs) as a high-rate cathode material, is reported. Particularly, the intrinsic hybrid Li/Na-ion storage mechanism of the MNVP@C NWs is unveiled for the HLNIBs with comprehensive characterizations. The resultant MNVP@C NWs demonstrate rapid electronic/ionic transport and rigid structural tolerance within operating temperatures from -25 to 55 °C, benefiting from its unique structural/compositional merits. More competitively, the MNVP@C NWs assembled pouch-type NIBs (-15 to 25 °C) and HLNIBs (-25 to 55 °C) both exhibit remarkable wide-temperature-tolerance electrochemical properties in terms of high-rate capabilities and long-duration cycling lifespan, along with material-level energy densities of ≈262.4 and ≈186.1 Wh kg${}^{-1}$ at 25 °C, respectively. The contribution here is expected to exert a stimulative impact upon the future design of versatile cathodes for advanced high energy/power rechargeable batteries. (© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH)