Alternative ways of using heat from turbines for district heating

The development of district heating is increasingly influenced by cogeneration of electric energy and heat by means of high-power steam turbines in nuclear power plants. Technical specifications and economic aspects of several turbine types and steam extraction methods (presenting alternative possibilities of using heat from the turbines for district heating) are discussed and compared with classical methods. Especially the effect of the number of heatig water heat-up stages on the heat production cost is studied for a nuclear power plant with PWR-type reactors and 1000 MW turbines