Comparison of measured 2D ELMs with synthetic images from BOUT++ simulation in KSTAR

A detailed study of edge-localized mode (ELM) dynamics in the KSTAR tokamak is performed using a two-dimensional (2D) electron cyclotron emission imaging (ECEI) diagnostic system. Highly coherent mode structures rotating in the poloidal view plane are routinely observed in the inter-ELM pedestal region where the optical thickness for ECE rapidly changes and the interpretation of emission intensity is complicated. To have confidence on the measurements, the observed images are compared with synthetic images of the ELM structure deduced from three-field BOUT++ simulations. The synthetic process considers instrumental effects of the ECEI diagnostic, intrinsic broadening of the ECE and background noise. The synthetic 2D images highly resemble the observed structure, providing confidence that the ELM dynamics can be visualized by ECEI. (paper)