Impedance modulated dielectric and magnetic properties of BCT-NF multiferroic composite

Dual nature of multiferroic composites embellishes it as a promising candidate for the application in electronic industry. In this paper, we report the structural, dielectric, electrical and magnetic properties of 1-x (Ba_0.96Ca_0.04TiO₃)-x (NiFe₂O₄) (BCT-NF) multiferroic composite material synthesized using the solid-state reaction method. X-ray diffraction showed the simultaneous existence of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic phase with tetragonal and spinel structure respectively. Whereby, Raman spectroscopy confirmed the existence of both phases by indicating the intense peak ranges from 566 cm⁻¹ to 545 cm⁻¹. Transmission electron microscopy micrograph presented the crystalline nature of all the prepared samples. Electrical analysis shows high value of ε' with low loss factor confirming the compatibility nature of both the phases with low conductivity and minimal creation of oxygen vacancies. However, the composition x = 0.2 shows optimum dielectric and impedance properties due to the size dependency. Curie temperature was found to shift towards higher range with an increase in NF concentration. Magnetic study revealed the increasing nature of M_s and T_B with increasing ferromagnetic concentration. The optimum value for T_B and M_s was found to be 102 K and 36 emu/g, respectively.