Intercomparison of Geant4 low energy electromagnetic models in 90Y dosimetry

Highlights: • This work aims to choose a suitable physics model and optimize simulation time for ⁹⁰Y dosimetry. • The inter-comparison between several Geant4 low energy electromagnetic models is presented for electrons with energy below 2.28 MeV. • The effects of cut-value on simulation accuracy and execution time are also considered. • G4DNA model was used to benchmark other models for electrons with energy below 100 keV. This work shows the comparison between Geant4 low energy electromagnetic physics lists G4EmLi-vermorePhysics, G4EmPenelopePhysics, G4EmLowEPPhysics, and G4EmDNAPhysics$\text{\_}$option2 when simulating the energy deposition of low mono-energetic electrons and ${\beta }^{-}$ emitted from ⁹⁰Y isotope. The simulation time and influence of production cut were considered. In the sense of balance between the accuracy and computer resource, G4EmPenelopePhysics can be proposed as the best physics model for our future Treatment Planning System (TPS) for treating liver cancer using ⁹⁰Y microsphere radioembolization therapy.