Shielding of high energy heavy ion accelerators

Simple relationships have been derived which allow the calculation of radiation shields against high energy neutrons produced by relativistic heavy ions. Neutron yields for heavy ion beams in the energy range from 0,4 to 2 GeV/nucleon were estimated using measured differential neutron and proton production cross sections. Effective neutron dose transmission factors for ordinary concrete (or soil) were calculated from shielding data for monoenergetic neutrons by folding with the neutron spectra. The same method was used for proton beams and compared with existing shielding data