The development of force-cooled superconductors for use in large magnets

Forced-cooled conductors or ICSs offer an attractive option for designers of large magnets. Knowledge of the performance of this type of conductor is sufficient for reliable designs to be made. Preliminary designs can be made with the help of relatively simple formulae and a rather extensive data base from small conductor tests. Stability margin vs current in a single triplex ICS and in an ICS showing variation of the multivalued nature with net helium flow velocity are charted, as are other calculations and measurements of the conductor temperature rise during simulated quenches of an ICS magnet. The design procedure is described. Available stability margin in an ICS if operated below the region of multiple stability is illustrated. Discussion is included concerning conductor movement within the conduit