Giant anisotropy and Casimir phenomena: The case of carbon nanotube metasurfaces

The Casimir interaction and torque are related phenomena originating from the exchange of electromagnetic excitations between objects. While the Casimir force exists between all types of objects, the material or geometrical anisotropy drives the emergence of the Casimir torque. Here both phenomena are studied theoretically between dielectric films with immersed parallel single-wall carbon nanotubes in the dilute limit with their chirality and collective electronic and optical response properties taken into account. It is found that the Casimir interaction is dominated by thermal fluctuations at submicron separations, while the torque is primarily determined by quantum mechanical effects. This peculiar quantum vs thermal separation is attributed to the strong influence of the reduced dimensionality and inherent anisotropy of the materials. Our study suggests that nanostructured anisotropic materials can serve as novel platforms to uncover new functionalities in ubiquitous Casimir phenomena.