A micro-macro human factors approach to improve team working after an incident

Why do we propose a micro-macro approach?: - Most approaches in the nuclear safety field are focused on human errors or failings: a necessary but not sufficient aspect. - Necessity to examine also what explains that operators carry out correctly theirs tasks: the management process of human factors. A double approach related to human factors: 1 - the microscopic aspect: a microscopic aspect focused on the human factors of work situations (work organization, team and operators, technical system and work environment). Examination of the effective activity of the team and the difficulties and failings of operators. The objective: to understand what is the contribution of the human factors on these difficulties and failings in the incidental situation we are studying and propose ways of improvement. 2 - the macroscopic aspect: a macroscopic aspect focused on the management of the human factors e.g. the general provisions for designing and maintaining the quality of human factors in the work situations. The occurring of the incident: This incident was imagined from very common work situations in industrial plants. It is fiction but it is often used in general training sessions to test the students' reactions. The work situation In a plant, two operators manage the process of transformation of a fluid. They use a display and control board. Microscopic aspect: Modifications to: - incidental procedures, - size of the team during the night-time work, - skills of operator 2, - displays and controls. Macroscopic aspect: Modifications to the design process of human factors: - design process of the incidental procedures and the size of the team, - design process of the displays and controls, Modifications to the conservation or maintaining process of human factors: - management of skills and advancement In conclusion: a double approach to take into account the HF. Articulation of local and general aspects, short and long term points of view (microscopic and macroscopic approach) to carry out modifications. This double approach is also carried out in preventive studies during recurring safety assessment of the nuclear facilities of CEA