Unified description of electric and magnetic excitations in deformed nuclei

New phonon operators are introduced for describing deformed nuclei which consist of the electric and magnetic parts. The Hamiltonian of the quasiparticle-phonon nuclear model is constructed and the basic equations for the finite rank separable isoscalar and isovector multipole and spin-multipole particle-hole and particle-particle interactions between quasiparticles are derived. It is shown that calculations of one-phonon states in the RPA encounter some difficulties due to the finite rank nmax>1 separable interaction of the electric and magnetic type. The use of complex separable nmax>1 interactions does not lead to complication of the QPNM equations for describing fragmentation of vibrational states. The matrix elements are obtained for describing Eλ- and Mλ-transitions between excited states of deformed nuclei. It is stated that the QPNM can serve as a basis for calculating many characteristics of excited states of deformed nuclei. (orig.)