What's that yellow powder? A nuclear forensic case study

In this paper the utilization of three analytical chemistry techniques including gamma spectrometry, XRF, and ICP-MS/OES is described for performing nuclear forensic analyses on an unknown powder. We have demonstrated that each method was unique in providing specific material characteristics, yet they were also complementary for extracting useful nuclear forensic signatures. It is the integral effort of all three analytical chemistry tools in the nuclear forensic tool box that ultimately allowed us to reveal the identity of the unknown nuclear material as Nb₂O₅ mixed with ∼9% HEU. (author)