Long distance neutrinos. Physical principles and geophysical applications

A possibility to use tev neutrino beams for geophysical surveys is discussed. Alongside the traditional way of neutrino beam production in proton cyclic accelerators, new possibilities, which are developed with application of linear accelerators with high (∼ 100 MeV/m) rate of acceleration, are considered. Energy and angular distributions of neutrino beams, produced in π-, K-meson and charm particle decay in proton accelrators and π-meson decay in linear accelerators, are calculated. Various effects caused by interaction of these beams with the Earth matter are discussed. Equilibrium fluxes of muons accompanying neutrino, and acoustic and radio emission signals, generated by neutrino beams, are found. The possibility for measuring the Earth density distribution as well as geodesic measurements, is estimated. Prospects for using secondary radiation in search for minerals - oil, gas, heavy metal ores, are discussed