Delivery of nucleic acids towards central nervous system for theranostic applications

[Background] The use of nucleic acid in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases and injuries of the central nervous system (CNS) has shown great promise in recent years. However, transporting nucleic acids to CNS with highly complex structure and barriers remains challenging. [Purpose] This study aims to give a comprehensive review of efficient and low-toxic delivery strategies of nucleic acids towards central nervous system for theranostic applications.[Methods] By means of literature review, the progress in developing nucleic acid delivery strategies for applications in CNS in recent years are analyzed. These strategies can be categorized into viral vector-based, nonviral carrier-based, and carrier-free. We also discussed their advantages and limitations, and provided suggestions for the future development of novel strategies. [Results and Conclusion] These strategies have been shown to enhance the structural stability and cell uptake of the nucleic acids, thus improving the theranostic performance. (authors)