Fossil free vehicle fleet in Stockholm – importance of air quality and health

This study aims to quantify the effects on emissions and air pollution levels of emission particles and nitrogen oxides (NOX) due to different fuel mixes in a fossil free vehicle fleet in Stockholm. The project also quantifies the health effect related to changes in vehicle fleet composition and an analysis of the socio-economic consequences. Transformation from today's fossil fuel fleet to a future fossil free fleet would lead to decreased particle emission regardless of the choice of fuel. NOX would decrease for all scenarios which do not include a high share of rape-methyl-ester (RME) biodiesel. A future vehicle fleet mainly containing electrical and biogas vehicles was considered most favorably due to improvements in air quality and gained health benefits. Compared to a reference scenario, a transformation to only electrical and biogas vehicles would lead to 4.5 fewer premature deaths per year. The study demonstrates the importance of also considering air quality as a factor when evaluating future fuels.