Annual Energy Reviews - 1991

The trend of the demand and supply of petroleum in the world, the trend of the price of petroleum, the confused energy circumstances in old USSR and the European energy charter are reported at first. Next, the environment in Japan and the general demand and supply of energy in Japan are mentioned. The situation in electric power, iron and steel making and transportation regarding energy is described. The basic matters, the trend of research and development, the trend of mining, the trend of industries and so on of coal, petroleum, natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas, the state of nuclear power generation, the establishment of nuclear fuel cycle and the research and development regarding the utilization of atomic energy, natural energies such as solar energy, geothermal energy, wind energy and ocean energy, the development and the trend of research of oil sand and oil shale, biomass, wastes, hydrogen and alcohol are reported. Concerning energy utilization, the theory of combustion of solid, liquid and gas, cogeneration system, heat pumps, boilers, industrial furnaces, land, marine and aeronautical engines, MHD power generation, fuel cells, fluidized bed combustion, ultra super critical power generation and others are described. Finally, environmental problems are discussed. (K.I.)