Limitations for lithium-ion batteries application in engine cold cranking

This research is devoted to the possibilities of using lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries operation in engine cold start systems. Down-scale test specimen of LiC₆–LiNiMnCo (NMC) and LiC₆–LiFePO₄ batteries coupled with supercapacitor module were tested in cold cranking mode. The charge currents between Li-ion battery and supercapacitor module are experimentally determined. The actual operating temperatures ranges of such batteries are determined in relation to local climate condition and compared with single lead–acid (Pb–acid) battery. The test results showed that significant limitations exist for current value both for Pb–acid and Li-ion battery. Coupling of supercapacitor module with Li-ion battery slightly improves the situation, but does not guarantee reliable three attempts for engine cold cranking. (paper)