Implementation of Romanian NPP spent fuel management strategy. A regulatory approach

The NPP Cernavoda Unit 1 started operation in 1996, producing around 100 t spent fuel per year. Unit 2 is under construction and restart of construction of Unit 3 is considered. After considering different options, it was found that the best strategy for the management of the NPP spent fuel is the dry storage for at least 50 years, with further possible extension of the dry storage period. This option allows for the time necessary for siting, construction and commissioning of the Romanian geological disposal of the spent fuel, if another more favourable option will not occur meantime. The paper describes the regulatory framework that governs the spent fuel management and details the regulatory process, presenting the main requirements formulated by CNCAN, by regulatory dispositions and authorization conditions, as well as the system of inspections at the site during the construction phase. The last part of the paper presents some considerations related to geological disposal of spent fuel. Romania is a relatively small country, and subject to earthquakes. Nevertheless, the Government considers that siting a geological repository within the country is necessary for secure implementation of the nuclear programme. However, considering the benefits that an international repository can present, Romania would like to keep such an option open, under the condition that international safety and security standards are met and regulatory control at the receiver country is established. (author)