Chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev) cross-mutant differences in the composition of genoms and content of pigments in the inflorescence

The study investigated thirteen radiomutants of chrysanthemum, 'Lady Amber', 'Lady Apricot', 'Lady Bronze', 'Lady Orange', 'Lady Pink', 'Lady Rosy', 'Lady Salmon', 'Lady White' 'Lady Vitroflora', 'Lady Yellow', 'Bronze Wonder', 'Red Wonder', 'Mini Nero', derived from three original cultivars - 'Richmond', 'Lilac Wonder' and 'Red Nero'. The research aimed at defining the cross-cultivar differences of the mutants obtained. The genoms were analyzed with the RAPD-PCR method. The complete genom DNA isolated from the plants researched was amplified with the PCR reaction. Twenty 10-nucletide primers were tested and there were obtained profiles of bands in agarose gel stained with ethidium bromide. Eight primers (OPB 04, OPB 18, OPF 06, OPM 09, OPM 18, RAD 01, RAD 09, RAD 12) showed a cross-cultivar polymorphism, which again justified the application of the RAPD markers to define cross-cultivar differences of the chrysanthemum researched; the technique especially useful to distinguish the cultivars in their vegetative stage when the plant similarity is very high. To define the composition of pigments in fresh petals of the cultivars investigated, flavonoids and carotenoids were extracted with acetone and a 1% hydrochloric acid in methanol. The spectra of pigments obtained were measured with the UV-VIS Shimadzu - 1601 PC spectrophotometer from 190 to 800 nm. The results showed differences in the quantity and quality of pigments in the inflorescence in the cultivars investigated. The spectra of individual cultivars differed in their maximum absorption spectra at the specific wave length pigment and in their value of absorbance responsible for a varied concentration of pigments. (author)