Radiation stimulated effects in crystals of quartz and berlinit with different type and degree of perfection structure

The processes of impact and non-impact production of point defects, mechanisms of structure transformations in quartz and berlinit crystals irradiated by various types of radiation with over- and sub- threshold energy were studied. It was established that inelastic energy losses of protons, deuterons and α-particles with over-threshold energy participate in formation of structure point defects by non-impact way. While the growth of fluence of incident particles the change of effectiveness of impact and non-impact production of point defects during irradiation. After the definite value of beam current density φ of electrons with sub-threshold energy the formation of structure defects is observed. The growth of beam current density of protons, deuterons and α-particles and electrons leads to the growth of effectiveness of non-impact production of point defects because of mutual interaction of electron excitations. It was shown that spectral and energetic characteristics, mechanism and effectiveness of formation of defect centers depends on type and disorder degree of crystal structure. In defect crystals irradiated by gamma rays and electrons with sub-threshold energy defect formation has two stages. The first stage is related to development of initial crystal violations. The second stage is due to creation of additional defects. The increase of disorder degree leads to decrease of φ value and growth of effectiveness of creation of additional point violations of structure. The effectiveness of creation of additional defects near defects of one type is increased with growth of concentration of other types of structure violations. It was established that in crystals of quartz and berlinit α-β-transition during neutron irradiation occurs through formation of seeds of β-phase. It was shown that the grown layer with β-phase inherited also neutron induced defects of α-phase as well as defects related to β-phase of quartz. The structure of amorphous phase formed around seeds of β-phase differs from quartz glass structure. The formation of regions with structure closed to quartz glass structure occurs after definite neutron fluence values. In quartz crystals there are several defect centers emitting in red spectral range