Energy in debate. Civil nuclear and proliferation. Energy scenarios and freedom latitudes

This publication first gives a presentation of a European colloquium on energy strategies between the nuclear risk and the greenhouse effect. Then dealing with the relationship between nuclear energy and nuclear proliferation, a contribution comments the relationship between the civil use of nuclear energy (notably for electricity production) and the use of nuclear materials for nuclear weapons (posture of the five nuclear States, development of the counter-proliferation policy, proliferating countries and actors, evolution of the political context after the fall of the USSR). The next article discusses the rooms to manoeuvre when defining energy strategies, notably with respect to nuclear energy. It also outlines the challenge of energy efficiency improvement in France, particularly for electricity uses, and by limiting the road traffic dramatic increase. A last article is an answer to critics by the author of a book on the greenhouse effect