The application of MSCTA in iatrogenic renal hemorrhage

Iatrogenic renal hemorrhage is the most common complication after a kidney surgery. Some serious cases may have life-threatening hemorrhagic shock. Multi-slice spiral CT angiography (MSCTA) can be used to comprehensively evaluate renal artery lesion and bleeding offending artery, which can provide an imaging basis for clinical management and prognosis assessment. In the present review, we first briefly introduced the anatomy of renal vasculature, iatrogenic operations and renal hemorrhage, then we introduced the application and development of MSCTA in preoperation (risk assessment and operation planning), post-operation (the assessments of early bleeding, delayed hemorrhage, and the risk of a ruptured aneurysm), and imagine findings of iatrogenic renal hemorrhage. (authors)