Porphyromonas gingivalis is highly sensitive to inhibitors of a proton-pumping ATPase

Highlights: • Protonophores strongly inhibited the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis. • P. gingivalis expressed genes encoding subunits of an A-type proton-pumping ATPase. • Inhibitors of the proton-pumping ATPase abolished the growth of P. gingivalis. • Curcumin and citreoviridin inhibited the ATPase activity in P. gingivalis membrane. Porphyromonas gingivalis is a well-known Gram-negative bacterium that causes periodontal disease. The bacterium metabolizes amino acids and peptides to obtain energy. An ion gradient across its plasma membrane is thought to be essential for nutrient import. However, it is unclear whether an ion-pumping ATPase responsible for the gradient is required for bacterial growth. Here, we report the inhibitory effect of protonophores and inhibitors of a proton-pumping ATPase on the growth of P. gingivalis. Among the compounds examined, curcumin and citreoviridin appreciably reduced the bacterial growth. Furthermore, these compounds inhibited the ATPase activity in the bacterial membrane, where the A-type proton-pumping ATPase (A-ATPase) is located. This study suggests that curcumin and citreoviridin inhibit the bacterial growth by inhibiting the A-ATPase in the P. gingivalis membrane.