Conjuncture notes 2015: COP21/CMP11: understanding the stakes. European CO₂ price and the electric power system; From energy efficiency to climatic efficiency; France-Germany study; the end of regulated prices of electricity sale to companies; Understanding world energetic stakes; Energy consumption in the industry in France; The Paris agreement: a diplomatic success that calls for others

A first note briefly recalls the contents of the different climate agreements from the Rio Convention to the Paris COP21 in 2015, outlines the role of the European Union with the new Energy Climate Package, and proposes an overview of France's situation regarding CO₂ content in electric power production and CO₂ emissions related to power production in different countries. A second note discusses the role and the determination of a CO₂ price in Europe in order to de-carbonate the European economy, comments the effect of CO₂ price on the electric power sector in Europe (role of coal in CO₂ emissions, coal is more competitive than gas). The third note discusses the relationship between energy efficiency and climate efficiency as building thermal renovation avoids a lot of CO₂ emissions; political instruments are indicated and recommendations are made to promote building renovation. The fourth note outlines the stakes of the European electric power system, presents the principles of a French-German modelling study which shows that an 'energy only' market will not guarantee the security of supply, and proposes a capacity mechanism to secure energy transition and to decrease the consumer's bill. The next note comments the consequences of the end of regulated sale prices for companies in January 2016. A note then presents a synthesis of the content of the CERA WEEK, the largest world gathering of actors of the energy sector: still prevailing fossil energies, the stake of prices, the change of market design, the COP21, and the most original regional initiatives. The next note proposes an analysis of energy consumption by the French industry which represents one fifth of the final energy consumption, with gas and electricity representing two thirds of this consumption. The most consuming industrial sectors are indicated, and improvements are explained by a better energy intensity due to technological innovations. The last note outlines the successful and weaker aspects of the COP21.