Evaluation of modified titanium surfaces physical and chemical characteristics

Development of dental implantology is focused, among other things, on devising active surface of the implant, conditioning acceleration of the implant's integration with the bone. Increased roughness, characteristic for group of implants with developed surface, altered topography and chemically modified implant's surface determines increased implants stability. In this study four different titanium surfaces modifications: turned (TS); aluminium oxide-blasted (Al₂O₃); resorbable material blasted (RBM); sandblast and then etched with a mixture of acids (SAE), were evaluated in terms of surfaces topography and chemical composition prior to in vivo analysis. Topography analysis revealed two groups: one with smooth, anisotropic, undeveloped TS surface and the second group with remaining surfaces presenting rough, isotropic, developed surfaces with added during blasting procedure aluminium for Al₂O₃ and calcium and phosphorus for RBM. Physical and chemical modifications of titanium surface change its microstructure (typical for SAE) and increase its roughness (highest for Al₂O₃-blasted and RBM surfaces). The introduced modifications develop titanium surface – 10 times for SAE surfaces, 16 times for Al₂O₃-blasted surfaces, and 20 times for RBM surfaces.