Modification of the Karlsruhe Isochronous Cyclotron to an energy variable machine

The Karlsruhe Isochronous Cyclotron was designed in 1962 as a very simple fixed frequency (FFAG) machine to accelerate d, α-particles up to a fixed energy of 26 MeV per Nucleon. In 1972 the machine was made more attractive for nuclear physics by adding an axial injection system and a number of external ion sources (LASKA - a Lambshift-source for polarized deuterons, a special Penning-source for completely stripped Lithium ions, HISKA- an ECR-Type source for completely stripped light ions from Nitrogen up to Neon and recently a powerful atomic beam source for polarized deuterons was ordered from SENTEC in order to increase the extracted current for these particles from the present 50 nA to a few μA). Nevertheless, for the future use of the machine, either in basic nuclear physics as an injector for a cooler-ring or a SULEICKA-type post accelerator, or as a stand alone machine for application-oriented research the authors think that it is important to make the machine more flexible