Childhood refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia with arterial embolism of lower extremity: a case report and literature review

Objective: To explore the imaging features, diagnosis and treatment of refractory mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (RMPP) in children, and to follow up the complications. Methods: We analyzed the clinical and imaging data of a child with RMPP and arterial embolism of lower extremity, and reviewed the relevant literatures. Results: Chest CT scan showed multiple consolidation in lungs, especially in the right lower lobe. The distal branch of the right lower lobe bronchus was unclear, combined with right pleural effusion. CT angiography of the lower extremity showed a limited filling defect in the right external iliac artery, and no presence of contrast medium in the right deep femoral artery and the posterior tibial artery. The diagnosis was confirmed by combining the history, clinical manifestations and laboratory examinations. Conclusion: Vascular embolism is a rare complication of RMPP, thus, it is very important to choose the correct imaging method for the diagnosis. For children with suspected RMPP, promotive imaging and D-dimer examinations are needed for evaluating the potential risk of thrombosis and designing treatment strategy. (authors)