Materials in extreme conditions, the critical phenomena and phase transfer in the dynamic destruction

At present acute is determining of the possibility of modeling of matter behavior under extreme conditions with the aid of knowledge of samples behavior under laboratory conditions. The paper discusses metals behavior under extreme conditions on the basis of study of dynamic failure under powerful penetrating radiation pulses. A complex approach to determining of qualitative characteristics of behavior of a number of metals and metal Pu on different time and scale levels is based on application of: methods of quantitative fractography using special package of mathematical programs of interactive system of image analysis; methods theory of fractals and theory of percolation, body of mathematics of critical phenomena theory. There was expanded the area of study of non-equilibrium matter state in sub-nanosecond longevity range (t ∼ 10-9 ± 10-11 s) under the action of ultra-short pulses of laser radiation. Hierarchy of scale and time levels of dissipative structures arising in the processes of dynamics metals failure under different kinds of pulse action was established. There is shown similarity of dissipative structures behavior on different scale levels formed under external pulsed action, what means scale invariance in the system behavior and independency of occurring processes on the system size. Two dynamic invariants J1 and J2 were determined which allow forecasting of metal Pu behavior in coordinates T, P, t in the longevity range t ∼ 10-6 ± 10-10 s, in the initial temperature range T0 ∼ 4 K± 0, 8 Tmelt. The above-mentioned specifies the possibility of applying ultra-short pulses of laser radiation for a study of properties, for example, metal Pu under extreme conditions and determines universal metals behavior in the dynamic failure phenomenon. (authors)