Biomass energy systems and applications

Modern biomass has the potential to make significant contribution to the world's primary energy supply. Many commercial projects already exist, mainly using crop and animal residues to provide heat, power and transport fuels. Dedicated energy crops are being grown alongside food and fibre crops, where there is sufficient land area. The main future driving force towards increased use of energy crops will be the dual benefits of providing carbon sinks and fossil fuel substitution. This paper examines the state of the art of commercial bioenergy projects, discusses the potential for cheaper biomass supply and more efficient conversion technologies, and outlines the role of biomass as a means of greenhouse gas mitigation. (Author)