Pharma co toxicological Studies On Silver Nanoparticles In Irradiated Animals

Nano technology is the study and application of extremely small particles presented at the nano scale, which is about 1 to 100 nanometers . One nanometer is about 3 atoms long. The first nano technologists were the ancient stained glass maker"s .They knew that by putting varying tiny amounts of gold and silver in the glass, they could produce the red and yellow color present in the stained glass windows. The artists could produce different colors from gold and silver by controlling the size and shape of the nano metal, for example gold nanoparticles in the sphere shape 25, 50, 100 nm could produce a reflection of red, green, yellow color respectively. Silver nanoparticles in the sphere shape 40 and 100 nm could produce a reflection of blue and yellow color respectively while the 100 nm size in the prism shape could reflect an orange color. Similarly nowadays scientists and engineers found that changing the materials to the nano form could change the physical properties. Building and using materials, devices and machines at the nanometer scale, make use of unique properties that occur for structures at those small dimensions. For example: the melting point of gold decreases rapidly as the particle dimension reaches the nanometer scale (Sun and Simon, 2007). How does one build something so small? Building something by assembling smaller components is defined as bottom-up production of nanoparticles in the liquid phase with respect to particle size, chemical composition, surface and charge properties , mainly through controlled chemical reactions (Frens , 1973). It is very powerful in creating identical structures with atomic precision, such as the supramolecular functional entities in living organisms. Man made self organized structures remain much simpler than nature"s complex self organized processes and structures (Niemeyer , 2001)